The traditional sporting games correspond to a set of signs full of meanings, which come to life through the motor behaviors of the players as they participate in its semiotic semantics. As a result of this exchange, interpersonal conflicts may emerge because of each person’s semiotic interpretation of the sociomotor dynamics of the game. This research aimed to analyze the comments of intense negative emotions that arise in conflicts of a praxical nature in a TSG, in its different parts, and (...) in the motor interventions of its protagonists. A total of 160 university students participated in a competitive sociomotor traditional sporting game of cooperation-opposition: the Marro. At the end of the practice, all answered the validated GES-II questionnaire. Subsequently, a content analysis of 480 comments was performed using ATLAS.ti 8.4 software. The conclusion of this work verifies the existence of different levels of meaning in the semiotic experience that originate interpersonal conflicts in traditional sporting games. Considering the multidimensional network of signs and meanings that emerge in any game will help to understand the meaning of the protagonists’ conflictive motor conducts. (shrink)

Hace ya más de una década, Joseph Llobera, en su obra "El dios de la modernidad", trataba de responder con argumentos históricos al interrogante sobre cómo, durante los procesos de modernización de los países occidentales, el nacionalismo se ha convertido en un equivalente funcional de la religión, en una religión secular cuyo Dios es la nación.

En sus orígenes, el tradicionalismo católico se alimenta del Syllabus de Pío IX y de la Encíclica Pascendi de Pío X y de su juramento antimodernista. El carácter específico del caso español deriva del rol satisfecho por el país como paladín de la Contrarreforma político-religiosa y del arraigo popular del sentimiento contrarrevolucionario engendrado por la invasión francesa y la guerra de la Independencia. Su auténtico mito fundacional es la Reconquista, si bien destaca también la expansión colonial hacia América como misión (...) evangelizadora y la resistencia frente a la Reforma Protestante. Subyace a sus planteamientos una visión maniquea y apologética de la realidad. Desde una lectura agustiniana de la lucha a muerte entre la ciudad de Dios y la ciudad de Satán, el Bien se encarna en la España católica, tradicional, autoritaria, heterónoma y jerárquica y el Mal en la anti-España, filosófica, racional, liberal, autónoma, democrática y pluralista. (shrink)

The historical formation of Brazil is distinguished from the majority of ex-colonial nations by one factor that is especially characteristic: an intense process of ethnic and cultural mixing. The Portuguese colonisers, who, unlike the English Puritans in North America, left their families and arrived in Brazil in small groups mainly composed of men, naturally tended to pair off with the women they found available - first of all indigenous women and later African women. There was nothing in Brazil to prevent (...) this spontaneous behaviour similar to the role played in the English colonies of North America by the strength of the family group or the strict religious observance of the community. Thus from the outset Brazil tended to accept racial mixing as a de facto reality. As Gilberto Freyre correctly noted in his book Casa Grande e Senzala:They mixed happily with women of colour from the very first contacts and many mixed-race children resulted, so much so that only a few thousand men were enough to colonize vast areas and compete with the greatest and most numerous peoples as regards the extent of the colonial territory and the effectiveness of colonizing activity. (shrink)

Probablemente no son los mejores tiempos para tomar una foto de nuestra ya no tan joven democracia, pero sí que puede resultar interesante reflexionar cómo ha evolucionado durante estos años la imagen de España tanto ad intra como ad extra, teniendo en cuenta que siempre va acompañada de una cierta distorsión marcada por los estereotipos, algunos inventados y otros reales pero exagerados. Es importante, por lo tanto, reflexionar no sólo en cómo han visto los demás desde fuera la suerte de (...) la puesta en práctica de los principios marcados por la Constitución de 1978, sino también cómo hemos vivido nosotros ese proceso desde dentro durante estas tres décadas. (shrink)

Nesse ensaio destacamos alguns elementos do horizonte filosófico diltheyano para pensar a educação. Dilthey se insere no território da educação, via pedagogia, pois considerava que a filosofia representa um instrumento teórico que serve de guia para a ação social do homem ou, em outras palavras, para a atividade pedagógica. Segundo nossa perspectiva, a educação é o principal objetivo da filosofia, pois a formação humana tem culminância no filosofar e este é efeito daquela, além disso, a filosofia diltheyana faz sua reflexão (...) sobre pedagogia e sua cientificidade possível, tendo como contexto o confronto com o positivismo do século XIX e a fundação das ciências do espírito em contraposição às da natureza. É nesse sentido, que o problema da consciência histórica - e sua finitude, articula a autonomia da pedagogia, sem a influência do empirismo científico e as exigências da pedagogia tradicional. (shrink)

We describe the rationale for an application ontology covering the domain of human body fluids that is designed to facilitate representation, reuse, sharing and integration of diagnostic, physiological, and biochemical data, We briefly review the Blood Ontology (BLO), Saliva Ontology (SALO) and Kidney and Urinary Pathway Ontology (KUPO) initiatives. We discuss the methods employed in each, and address the project of using them as starting point for a unified body fluids ontology resource. We conclude with a description of how the (...) body fluids ontology initiative may provide support to basic and translational science. (shrink)

Human Towers are one of the most representative traditional sporting games in Catalonia, recognized in 2010 as Intangible Cultural Heritage by the United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture. The objective of this research was to study the emotional states elicited by a representative performance of the colla de Castellers de Lleida. This research is based on an ethnographic case study, with mixed methods in which 17 key informants voluntarily participated. Participant observation was used; the data were recorded in (...) a field diary and oral sources. The content analysis was done using the Atlas.ti software. An SPSS database was also created. The statistical techniques were: Descriptive statistical techniques, cross tables with Pearson's Chi-square values. We also used a classification and regression trees to examine the predictive capacity of five independent variables of emotional states. The results reveal that the comments were mostly oriented toward well-being states, The internal cooperative logic of the Human Towers enhances the intense interpersonal relationships of socio-emotional well-being. (shrink)

UNESCO in the 2030 agenda for sustainable development establishes respect for the environment and sustainability education as key elements for the challenges of society in the coming years. In the educational context, physical education can have a vital role in sustainability education, through Traditional Sporting Games. The aim of this research was to study from an ethnomotor perspective the different characteristics of two different groups of TSG in the Canary Islands, Spain. The corpus of this investigation was made up of (...) 513 TSG, identified by two analysis techniques and collected in a database. The categories corresponding to the variables of the internal logic of the game were the type of motor interaction, related to space, relationships with time, and relationships with objects. The study also examined the variables of external logic or sociocultural conditions such as the protagonists, playing areas, and game moments. The data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics: cross-tables, effect sizes, classification trees, and the identification of frequency areas. Of the total number of playful activities identified, most were physical activities. These activities were Quasi-games without rules and TSG as well as activities with Objects and without material. This research confirms that the TSG in the Canary Islands is a mirror of traditional culture and, from a pedagogical approach, shows great potential for material and social sustainability. (shrink)

Este artigo investiga as posições do liberalismo político de John Rawls e do republicanismo de Hannah Arendt em relação ao humanismo cívico e ao republicanismo clássico. Defende que o republicanismo de Arendt não deve ser considerado um humanismo cívico abrangente e que há uma proximidade entre o liberalismo político e o republicanismo clássico, pois sustenta que um perfeccionismo minimalista baseado em virtudes políticas informa as duas teorias.

This study analyses the performance and market timing of US socially responsible (SR) mutual funds in relation to business cycle regime shifts and different grouping criteria: Ethical strategy focus, SR attributes scores and Morningstar category. Different methodologies are applied and results highlight the importance of considering specific benchmarks related to the investment style in evaluating the SR fund performance. Our results show that, in aggregate, the abnormal performance of SR funds is negative and significant in expansion periods, but no significant (...) differences are found in recession periods. When specific benchmarks are considered, performance improves in recession periods, particularly for environmental funds, those with high SR attributes scores, and funds from the nine Morningstar style box categories. Market timing of SR funds takes positive values and is partially significant. Previous evidence of negative timing after a recent financial crisis vanishes when specific benchmarks are considered. For comparative purposes the performance of conventional US mutual funds is also analysed. There are no significant differences between the performance of SR and conventional mutual funds when a fair comparison is made within the same style categories. When all the SR funds are considered, they underperform conventional funds in expansion sub‐periods, but in recession sub‐periods they perform better, although the differences observed are not significant. (shrink)

Different theoretical approaches highlight the growing relevance of corporate reputation as strategic factor. Among these approaches the arguments of the Resource-Based View are special worthwhile (Grant, 1991, California Management Review 33(3), 114–135; Barney, 1999, Sloan Management Review Spring, 137–145). Nevertheless, this topic poses several methodological problems (Barney et al., 2001), as the unavailability to identify and measure this organizational factor, that is “socially complex” and intangible in its nature. In this work, using the findings of our empirical research on Spanish (...) biotechnology firms, we carry out an identification and measurement of corporate reputation, highlighting its two key components: “business reputation” and “social reputation”. (shrink)

Economic and social activities are undergoing radical changes, which can be labelled as ‘knowledge economy and/or society’. In this sense, intellectual capital, or knowledge assets, as the fourth factor of production, is replacing the other ones – job, land and capital. This article tries to offer the origins and nature of the firm’s IC that can be labelled as ‘An Intellectual Capital-Based View of the Firm Competition’. This framework tries to highlight the strategic role of different intangible assets like talented (...) and committed workers, cultural values, or long-term relationships among the firm and its stakeholders – customers, allies, suppliers and society in general – in gaining and sustaining competitive advantages, being the management of IC a key issue in the management agenda. (shrink)

Por originar-se de uma reunião de conferências, inicialmente publicadas em alemão com o título _DerphilosophischeGlaube_ e, em 2003, traduzidas pelo editor espanhol, o livro não tem o formato propriamente de um livro. Falta-lhe não somente o aspecto formal mas uma unidade bem alinhavada. Contudo, percebe-se uma continuidade nas conferências e um esforço de aprofundamento das questões propostas. Da primeira à última o filósofoquer esclarecer o que é a fé filosófica numa verdade transcendente. Jaspers a apontacomo a marca da Filosofia em (...) sua busca do fundamento e, especificamente na última, considera os seus desafios e riscos contemporâneos. E destaca numa das conferências o homem, grande tema da filosofia contemporânea, propondo abordá-lo por inteiro. Nesse empreendimento trata do homem para além de seu componente material e vital, tendo por mais importante a liberdade e a construção histórica. Com construção original da atividade filosófica, apresentada como abertura ao transcendente nos limites do fenômeno,Jaspers aproxima, em síntese criativa, a noção metafísica do ser da filosofia transcendental de Kant. Essas duas perspectivas foram por Kant contrapostas.Jaspers também pensa a realidade da tensão que é estar no fenômeno, mas aberto ao que está além do seu limite. E para falar dessa tensão entre o aqui e o além, ele cunha o conceito de englobante para designar de onde brota essa tensão. Englobante ou abarcador é de onde provém a consciência e o objeto na consciência intencional. O seu resultado é o objetivável, mas a inspiração é transcendente. Não se deixa de enxergar nessas análises a influência da tradição neokantiana e fenomenológica que marcavam a filosofia alemã na primeira metade do século passado. É, nessa perspectiva, que ele retoma o valor de verdade total, discute o significado de tradição filosófica, reavalia a ideia de progresso na Filosofia e na Ciência diferenciando-as, esclarece a importância da comunicação da verdade como forma de livrá-la do misticismo e obscurecimento. A fazer tal avaliação da razão humana e do valor do autoconhecimento apresenta uma reflexão nova e soluções inovadoras. Também foi fundamental o propósito de retomar a discussão kantiana do problema do conhecimento, ampliando a investigação para além da lógica ou da analítica de linguagem para onde a conduzia o neopositivismo. A verdade, portanto, esclarece não é apenas um encadeamento lógico ou uma relação entre signos. Essa é apenas uma das formas pelas quais a verdade aparece. Ao dialogar com a fé revelada ele não se fecha ao que considera fundamental, isto é, a exigência absoluta da moral mosaica e o caminhar da verdade pela história do Deus Bíblico. Porémele diferencia a fé na revelaçãoda fé filosófica, que não abre mão do esforço racional e nem vai para além dos limites da razão. Nessa obra onde se apresentam considerações amplas sobre Religião, Filosofia, Ciência e até sobre Estética, falta a noção de cultura capaz de articular esses esforços humanos que o filósofo considera fundamentais no desvendamento da verdade. Contudo, ficam esclarecidos os conceitos de Filosofia e o desafio de pensar o sentido da existência para livrar o homem do auto esquecimento, inconsciência alimentada pelo mundo da técnica. Essas conferências pelos comentários acima apresentados merecem ser estudadas pelos interessados na filosofia contemporânea e, em especial, pelos que se dedicam à fenomenologia existencial. No livro encontramos a exposição dessa filosofia por um de seus mais notáveis representantes. (shrink)

No presente estudo, discuto e sintetizo o conceito de célula vegetal de M. J. Schleiden e o conceito de animal elementar que elaboro a partir da ideia de “animal abstrato” sugerida por R. E. Grant. A elaboração e a interpretação que conduz a essa síntese é feita ampliando a ideia do desenvolvimento como um princípio regulador, proposta por E. Cassirer. Concebo tal ideia como expressão de uma racionalidade morfológica genética. O resultado geral obtido é que a célula vegetal e o (...) animal elementar são duas variações de uma mesma forma que exibe uma íntima relação estrutural-funcional, manifesta empiricamente em duas modalidades essenciais de vida, uma simples e singular e outra complexa e plural. A interação de ambas torna inteligível fenômenos básicos da vida vegetal e animal a partir de uma matriz genética comum. (shrink)

Different theoretical approaches highlight the growing relevance of corporate reputation as strategic factor. Among these approaches the arguments of the Resource-Based View are special worthwhile (Grant, 1991, California Management Review33(3), 114–135; Barney, 1999, Sloan Management Review Spring, 137–145). Nevertheless, this topic poses several methodological problems (Barney et al., 2001), as the unavailability to identify and measure this organizational factor, that is “socially complex” and intangible in its nature. In this work, using the findings of our empirical research on Spanish biotechnology (...) firms, we carry out an identification and measurement of corporate reputation, highlighting its two key components: “business reputation” and “social reputation”. (shrink)

The historical formation of Brazil is distinguished from the majority of ex-colonial nations by one factor that is especially characteristic: an intense process of ethnic and cultural mixing. The Portuguese colonisers, who, unlike the English Puritans in North America, left their families and arrived in Brazil in small groups mainly composed of men, naturally tended to pair off with the women they found available - first of all indigenous women and later African women. There was nothing in Brazil to prevent (...) this spontaneous behaviour similar to the role played in the English colonies of North America by the strength of the family group or the strict religious observance of the community. Thus from the outset Brazil tended to accept racial mixing as a de facto reality. As Gilberto Freyre correctly noted in his book Casa Grande e Senzala:They mixed happily with women of colour from the very first contacts and many mixed-race children resulted, so much so that only a few thousand men were enough to colonize vast areas and compete with the greatest and most numerous peoples as regards the extent of the colonial territory and the effectiveness of colonizing activity. (shrink)

This work aims to demonstrate the relation between the Spinozist concept of resistance, the role that the socialization of the affects plays in the construction of the State and the reasons by which Spinoza states the democratic foundation of the power of State. This paper also aims to expose the elements in Spinoza’s political philosophy that enables him to refute the transcendence of political power, the generalized spread of hate, the voluntarism and the political moralism.

In this commentary, we support a complex, mosaic, and multimodal approach to the evolution of intelligence. Using the arcuate fasciculus as an example of discontinuity in the evolution of neurobiological architectures, we argue that the strict dichotomy of modules versus G, adopted by Burkart et al. in the target article, is insufficient to interpret the available statistical and experimental evidence.

It is a review about a book whose abstract doesn't make sense at all.

ObjectiveThe presence of two or more chronic diseases results in worse clinical outcomes than expected by a simple combination of diseases. This synergistic effect is expected to be higher when combined with some conditions, depending on the number and severity of diseases. Multimorbidity is a relatively new term, with the first fundamental definitions appearing in 2015. Studies usually define it as the presence of at least two chronic medical illnesses. However, little is known regarding the relationship between mental disorders and (...) other non-psychiatric chronic diseases. This review aims at investigating the association between some mental disorders and non-psychiatric diseases, and their pattern of association.MethodsWe performed a systematic approach to selecting papers that studied relationships between chronic conditions that included one mental disorder from 2015 to 2021. These were processed using Covidence, including quality assessment.ResultsThis resulted in the inclusion of 26 papers in this study. It was found that there are strong associations between depression, psychosis, and multimorbidity, but recent studies that evaluated patterns of association of diseases had heterogeneous results. Quality assessment of the papers generally revealed low quality among the included studies.ConclusionsThere is evidence of an association between depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychosis with multimorbidity. Studies that tried to examine the patterns of association between diseases did not find stable results.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021216101, identifier: CRD42021216101. (shrink)

This article examines the principal problems that affect Brazilian culturalism. An evaluation is made of this movement through an analysis made of the works presented in the Tobias Barreto Colloquy.

Economic and social activities are undergoing radical changes, which can be labelled as 'knowledge economy and/or society'. In this sense, intellectual capital (IC), or knowledge assets, as the fourth factor of production, is replacing the other ones-job, land and capital. This article tries to offer the origins and nature of the firm's IC that can be labelled as 'An Intellectual Capital-Based View of the Firm Competition'. This framework tries to highlight the strategic role of different intangible assets like talented and (...) committed workers, cultural values, or long-term relationships among the firm and its stakeholders-customers, allies, suppliers and society in general - in gaining and sustaining competitive advantages, being the management of IC a key issue in the management agenda. (shrink)

While we cannot directly measure the psychological preferences of individuals, and the moral, emotional, and cognitive tendencies of people from the past, we can use cultural artifacts as a window to the zeitgeist of societies in particular historical periods. At present, an increasing number of digitized texts spanning several centuries is available for a computerized analysis. In addition, developments form historical economics have enabled increasingly precise estimations of sociodemographic realities from the past. Crossing these datasets offer a powerful tool to (...) test how the environment changes psychology and vice versa. However, designing the appropriate proxies of relevant psychological constructs is not trivial. The gold standard to measure psychological constructs in modern texts – Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count – has been validated by psychometric experimentation with modern participants. However, as a tool to investigate the psychology of the past, the LIWC is limited in two main aspects: it does not cover the entire range of relevant psychological dimensions and the meaning, spelling, and pragmatic use of certain words depend on the historical period from which the fiction work is sampled. These LIWC limitations make the design of custom tools inevitable. However, without psychometric validation, there is uncertainty regarding what exactly is being measured. To overcome these pitfalls, we suggest several internal and external validation procedures, to be conducted prior to diachronic analyses. First, the semantic adequacy of search terms in bags-of-words approaches should be verified by training semantic vector spaces with the historical text corpus using tools like word2vec. Second, we propose factor analyses to evaluate the internal consistency between distinct bag-of-words proxying the same underlying psychological construct. Third, these proxies can be externally validated using prior knowledge on the differences between genres or other literary dimensions. Finally, while LIWC is limited in the analysis of historical documents, it can be used as a sanity check for external validation of custom measures. This procedure allows a robust estimation of psychological constructs and how they change throughout history. Together with historical economics, it also increases our power in testing the relationship between environmental change and the expression of psychological traits from the past. (shrink)

Roger Garaudy é um filósofo francês que muda de uma posição inicialmente marxista para outra existencialista. A sua aproximação com o existencialismo se dá na década de 70 quando o pensador foi expulso do Partido Comunista Francês por discordar dos rumos do marxismo de então. Ao mesmo tempo ele descobre no existencialismo a chave teórica que justifica sua preocupação humanista. Da fase marxista, o filósofo preserva os elementos éticos e as preo­cupações sociais que ele transfere para sua filosofia existencial. Garaudy (...) espera com eles resol­ver os problemas de uma subjetividade que cresceu além da conta nos tempos modernos, ques­tão que lhe parece outros existencialistas não haviam ainda resolvido. Neste texto também mostramos como o filósofo considera a superação da facticidade, o que dá especificidade à sua reflexão. A complexidade e criatividade de suas formulações nos mostram uma das muitas possibilidades do existencialismo, movimento que precisamos bem balancear neste início do século XXI porque ele traduz as inseguranças e incertezas do homem do último século. (shrink)

Este artigo analisa o pensamento, a metodologia e a literatura de Mário de Andrade, estabelecendo relações com elementos, tais como, as observações de campo, os estudos culturais e o processo de escrita da pesquisa dele sobre manifestações populares, realizada entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940. São examinados alguns textos desse autor que evidenciam essas hipóteses, destacando o manuscrito como fonte documental.